Code Organization and Structure

► Understanding Code Organization

Code organization is about structuring your programs in a clear, maintainable way. Good organization makes code easier to read, debug, and modify. It’s like keeping your workspace tidy – everything has its place.

► Real-World Analogy

Think of code organization like organizing a kitchen:
» Related items stored together (functions in modules)
» Clear labels on containers (meaningful names)
» Frequently used items within easy reach (common functions at top)
» Clean counter space (remove unused code)
» Recipe cards organized by category (group related functions)

► Key Concepts

✓ Meaningful names: Use descriptive variable and function names
✓ Single responsibility: Each function does one thing well
✓ DRY principle: Don’t Repeat Yourself
✓ Comments: Explain why, not what
✓ Consistent style: Follow naming conventions

■ Code Examples

# Bad: Unclear names and messy structure
def f(x, y):
    return x * y + 10

# Good: Clear names and structure
def calculate_total_price(quantity, unit_price):
    """Calculate total price with tax."""
    subtotal = quantity * unit_price
    TAX_RATE = 0.10
    total = subtotal + (subtotal * TAX_RATE)
    return total

# Group related functions
class Calculator:
    def add(self, a, b):
        return a + b
    
    def subtract(self, a, b):
        return a - b

# Constants at top
MAX_RETRIES = 3
DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 30

# Main logic
def main():
    calc = Calculator()
    result = calc.add(5, 3)
    print(f"Result: {result}")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

# Bad: Unclear names and messy structure

def f(x, y):

return x * y + 10

# Good: Clear names and structure

def calculate_total_price(quantity, unit_price):

"""Calculate total price with tax."""

subtotal = quantity * unit_price

TAX_RATE = 0.10

total = subtotal + (subtotal * TAX_RATE)

return total

# Group related functions

class Calculator:

def add(self, a, b):

return a + b

def subtract(self, a, b):

return a - b

# Constants at top

MAX_RETRIES = 3

DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 30

# Main logic

def main():

calc = Calculator()

result = calc.add(5, 3)

print(f"Result: {result}")

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()